Spital Clinic offers comprehensive care for women with Bacterial Vaginosis, a common vaginal infection.
The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is based on NHS recommendations. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider for advice on medical conditions or treatments.
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina. It occurs when there's an overgrowth of certain types of bacteria, particularly anaerobic bacteria, which outnumber the normal, protective lactobacilli. This disruption in the vaginal microbiome can lead to uncomfortable symptoms and increase the risk of other health issues.
While not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), BV is more common in sexually active women. It affects millions of women worldwide and is particularly prevalent in women of reproductive age. Understanding BV is crucial for maintaining vaginal health and preventing potential complications, such as an increased susceptibility to STIs and pregnancy-related issues.
Bacterial Vaginosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination and laboratory tests. During a pelvic examination, a healthcare provider will look for signs of BV, such as abnormal discharge. They may also perform a vaginal pH test, as BV often causes the vagina to become less acidic than normal.
The most definitive diagnosis comes from laboratory analysis of a vaginal swab. This can involve microscopic examination of the sample (known as wet mount microscopy) to look for 'clue cells' - vaginal cells covered with bacteria. Another common diagnostic method is the Nugent score, which assesses the balance of different types of bacteria in the sample. Some clinics also use DNA tests to identify the specific bacteria present. It's important to seek professional diagnosis, as the symptoms of BV can be similar to other vaginal infections.
The primary symptom of Bacterial Vaginosis is often a change in vaginal discharge. Women with BV typically notice an increase in discharge that may be thin, watery, and greyish-white in colour. One of the most characteristic signs is a strong, fishy odour, particularly after sexual intercourse. This odour is caused by the production of amines by the anaerobic bacteria associated with BV.
However, it's important to note that up to 50% of women with BV may not experience any symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they may also include vaginal itching or irritation, although these are less common in BV compared to other vaginal infections like thrush. Some women might experience a burning sensation during urination. The absence of symptoms in many cases underscores the importance of regular gynaecological check-ups, as untreated BV can increase the risk of other health complications.
The primary treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis involves antibiotics to eliminate the overgrowth of harmful bacteria. In the UK, the most commonly prescribed treatments are metronidazole or clindamycin. These can be administered orally as tablets or locally as vaginal gels or creams. The course of treatment typically lasts between 5 to 7 days, although some regimens may be shorter. It's crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve before finishing the treatment.
In addition to antibiotics, some healthcare providers may recommend probiotics to help restore the balance of beneficial bacteria in the vagina. While over-the-counter treatments are available, it's important to get a proper diagnosis before self-treating, as the symptoms of BV can be similar to other vaginal infections. For women with recurrent BV, longer courses of treatment or preventive therapies may be necessary. It's also advisable to avoid douching and using scented products in the vaginal area, as these can disrupt the natural bacterial balance.
Several factors can increase a woman's risk of developing Bacterial Vaginosis. Sexual activity is a significant risk factor, with BV being more common in women who are sexually active, have multiple sexual partners, or have a new sexual partner. However, it's important to note that BV can also occur in women who are not sexually active. The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) for contraception has also been associated with a higher risk of BV.
Other risk factors include smoking, douching, and using scented hygiene products in the vaginal area. These practices can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina. Ethnicity also plays a role, with BV being more prevalent in Black and Hispanic women compared to White or Asian women, although the reasons for this are not fully understood. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or around menstruation, can also increase susceptibility to BV. Understanding these risk factors can help women take preventive measures and seek timely medical attention when necessary.
Bacterial Vaginosis can have significant impacts on a woman's quality of life and overall health. The most immediate effects are often physical discomfort and psychological distress. The characteristic odour associated with BV can cause embarrassment and anxiety, potentially affecting self-esteem and intimate relationships. Some women may experience discomfort during sexual intercourse, which can further impact their personal lives.
Beyond these immediate effects, untreated BV can lead to more serious health complications. It increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. In pregnant women, BV is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. It can also lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause fertility issues. The recurring nature of BV in some women can be frustrating and may necessitate lifestyle changes or long-term management strategies. Despite these challenges, with proper diagnosis and treatment, most women can effectively manage BV and minimise its impact on their lives.
We provide a comprehensive range of services, from private GP consultations and specialised men's and women's health care to advanced ultrasound scans and proactive health screenings, all within a reassuring and state-of-the-art environment.
You have a question about Bacterial Vaginosis? We have an answer.
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), although it is more common in sexually active women. BV occurs when there's an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina, rather than being caused by a specific pathogen transmitted through sexual contact. However, sexual activity can disrupt the vaginal bacterial balance, potentially triggering BV.
While BV isn't considered an STI, it can increase a woman's susceptibility to actual STIs if left untreated. It's important to note that BV can occur in women who are not sexually active, and treating sexual partners is generally not necessary. However, for women with recurrent BV, some healthcare providers might recommend treatment for male sexual partners as a precautionary measure.
In some cases, Bacterial Vaginosis may resolve without treatment. The vagina has natural mechanisms to maintain a healthy bacterial balance, and mild cases of BV might correct themselves over time. However, relying on spontaneous resolution is not recommended, as untreated BV can lead to complications and increase the risk of other infections.
It's always best to seek medical advice if you suspect you have BV. A healthcare provider can confirm the diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment, usually antibiotics, to clear the infection more quickly and effectively. This approach not only alleviates symptoms faster but also reduces the risk of potential complications associated with untreated BV, such as increased susceptibility to STIs or pregnancy-related issues.
Preventing Bacterial Vaginosis involves maintaining a healthy vaginal environment. Avoid practices that can disrupt the natural balance of vaginal bacteria, such as douching or using scented products in the vaginal area. Instead, use mild, unscented soaps for external cleansing only. Wearing breathable, cotton underwear and avoiding tight-fitting clothing can also help maintain a healthy vaginal environment.
Practicing safe sex by using condoms can help reduce the risk of BV, especially when you have a new sexual partner. Some studies suggest that probiotics, either in supplement form or through probiotic-rich foods, may help prevent BV by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. Quitting smoking has also been associated with a lower risk of BV. If you're prone to recurrent BV, your healthcare provider might recommend long-term preventive strategies, such as periodic use of vaginal gels to maintain a healthy pH balance.
While having sex with Bacterial Vaginosis isn't harmful, it's generally recommended to avoid sexual intercourse during treatment. This is primarily to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and to prevent discomfort, as BV can cause irritation that may be exacerbated by sexual activity. Additionally, the antibiotics used to treat BV can affect the efficacy of some contraceptives, so it's important to use alternative methods of contraception during treatment.
Once you've completed the full course of treatment and symptoms have resolved, it's usually safe to resume sexual activity. However, it's important to note that BV can recur, and some women may be more prone to developing BV after sexual intercourse. If this is the case for you, using condoms or avoiding sex during your menstrual period might help reduce the risk of recurrence. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalised advice based on your specific situation.
Bacterial Vaginosis can have implications for both fertility and pregnancy. While BV doesn't directly cause infertility, it can increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to fertility issues if left untreated. For women undergoing fertility treatments, BV may reduce the success rates of procedures such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
During pregnancy, BV has been associated with an increased risk of complications, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and miscarriage. It can also lead to postpartum endometritis, an infection of the uterine lining after delivery. Due to these potential risks, pregnant women are often screened for BV, especially if they have a history of preterm birth. If BV is detected during pregnancy, it can be safely treated with antibiotics approved for use in pregnant women. Regular prenatal care is crucial for early detection and management of BV during pregnancy.
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Our medical centre is at 36 Spital Square, E1 6DY, City of London.
