Spital Clinic offers comprehensive care for women with adenomyosis, a condition affecting the uterine muscle wall.
The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is based on NHS recommendations. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider for advice on medical conditions or treatments.
Adenomyosis is a benign gynaecological condition in which the endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). This can cause the uterus to become enlarged and tender, leading to various symptoms that can significantly impact a woman's quality of life.
As the misplaced endometrial tissue continues to respond to hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle, it can cause inflammation, pain, and heavy bleeding. Adenomyosis is most common in women between the ages of 35 and 50, and it often resolves after menopause when hormone levels decline.
Diagnosing adenomyosis can be challenging, as its symptoms often resemble those of other gynaecological conditions, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids. A pelvic exam may reveal an enlarged, tender uterus, but this is not always conclusive. Imaging tests, such as transvaginal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help identify the characteristic features of adenomyosis, including a thickened uterine wall or small cysts within the muscle.
In some cases, a definitive diagnosis of adenomyosis can only be made after a hysterectomy, when the removed uterus is examined under a microscope. However, this is not always necessary, as other diagnostic methods and symptom management strategies can often effectively address the condition.
Treatment for adenomyosis depends on the severity of symptoms, the woman's age, and her desire to maintain fertility. In mild cases, over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications may be sufficient to manage discomfort. Hormonal therapies, such as oral contraceptives, progestins, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, can help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce symptoms. The Mirena intrauterine device (IUD) has also been shown to be effective in reducing heavy bleeding and pain associated with adenomyosis.
In severe cases where conservative treatments are ineffective, or if the woman has completed her family, surgical options may be considered. Endometrial ablation, which destroys the uterine lining, can help reduce heavy bleeding but does not address the underlying adenomyosis. A hysterectomy, which involves removing the uterus, is the only definitive cure for adenomyosis but results in permanent infertility.
The exact cause of adenomyosis is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified. These include age (being in your 40s or 50s), prior uterine surgery (such as a caesarean section or fibroid removal), childbirth, and a family history of adenomyosis. Some studies suggest that oestrogen dominance or an autoimmune response may also play a role in the development of this condition.
Untreated adenomyosis can lead to serious complications. Chronic heavy bleeding often causes iron-deficiency anaemia, resulting in fatigue and weakness. In severe cases, it may lead to heart problems. The intense pain can greatly diminish your quality of life, affecting both work and personal relationships. Although rare, adenomyosis can also complicate pregnancy, raising the risk of miscarriage or preterm birth. Timely diagnosis and treatment by your GP are vital in preventing these complications. They will closely monitor your condition, adjusting the treatment plan as necessary. Regular check-ups are essential to manage adenomyosis and prevent long-term health issues.
We provide a comprehensive range of services, from private GP consultations and specialised men's and women's health care to advanced ultrasound scans and proactive health screenings, all within a reassuring and state-of-the-art environment.
You have a question about Adenomyosis? We have an answer.
While adenomyosis does not directly cause infertility, it can make it more difficult for some women to conceive. The abnormal tissue growth and inflammation associated with adenomyosis may interfere with embryo implantation or disrupt the normal uterine environment. However, many women with adenomyosis can still become pregnant and have healthy pregnancies with proper management and care.
No, adenomyosis and endometriosis are two distinct conditions, although they share some similarities. In endometriosis, endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic structures. In adenomyosis, the endometrial tissue grows into the muscular wall of the uterus itself. While both conditions can cause painful periods and pelvic discomfort, they require different diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Adenomyosis itself is a benign condition and does not increase the risk of uterine cancer. However, some of the symptoms of adenomyosis, such as heavy or irregular bleeding, can also be signs of endometrial cancer. It is important for women with adenomyosis to have regular gynaecological check-ups and report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider for prompt evaluation and management.
Adenomyosis can significantly impact a woman's quality of life, both physically and emotionally. The pain and heavy bleeding associated with the condition can lead to missed work or school, difficulty participating in daily activities, and strained relationships. Women with adenomyosis may also experience fatigue, anaemia, and mood changes due to the constant discomfort and blood loss. Seeking prompt medical care and support from loved ones can help manage the symptoms and improve overall well-being.
Yes, ultrasound scans are generally considered safe for both the patient and the unborn baby (in the case of pregnancy scans). Unlike X-rays or CT scans, ultrasound does not use ionising radiation, which can potentially harm living tissues. There are no known side effects or risks associated with ultrasound scans when performed by qualified healthcare professionals. However, it is essential to ensure that the scan is medically necessary and performed by a trained specialist. The prevalence of adenomyosis varies by diagnostic method: 0% to 29% with ultrasound, 4% to 19% with MRI, and 4% to 15% when using both ultrasound and MRI according to a Wiley publication.
Adenomyosis is not a form of cancer. It's a benign (non-cancerous) condition of the uterus. However, its symptoms can sometimes mimic those of uterine cancer. There's no evidence that adenomyosis increases the risk of developing uterine or any other cancer. Your GP can explain the benign nature of adenomyosis and address any concerns. They might recommend tests to rule out other conditions if there's any uncertainty. Remember, while adenomyosis isn't cancerous, it's still important to manage the condition properly. Regular follow-ups with your GP can ensure appropriate care and peace of mind.
Certain lifestyle modifications may help manage adenomyosis symptoms. Regular exercise can help reduce pain and improve overall well-being. A healthy diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods might alleviate symptoms for some women. Stress reduction techniques like yoga or meditation can help manage pain perception. Applying heat to the lower abdomen can provide relief during painful periods. Your GP can provide personalised advice on beneficial lifestyle changes. They might recommend specific exercises or dietary modifications based on your needs. Remember, lifestyle changes often work best when combined with medical treatments for adenomyosis.
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Our medical centre is at 36 Spital Square, E1 6DY, City of London.
