Published on:
September 24, 2024
Migraines affect millions globally, causing severe, throbbing pain, often on one side of the head. This common yet debilitating condition can disrupt daily life, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. While each person’s experience varies, migraines can last from several hours to days.
A migraine is more than just a bad headache. It is a neurological condition that triggers intense, pulsating pain, often alongside other symptoms. For some, migraines come with an aura—visual disturbances like flashing lights or blind spots, or sensory changes such as tingling or numbness.
Migraines are typically classified into migraine with aura and migraine without aura. Both types can cause significant disruption, with some attacks lasting up to 72 hours.
Migraines may develop through four stages, though not everyone experiences them all:
The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but genetics and environmental factors both play a role. The brain’s interaction with the trigeminal nerve, which regulates facial sensations, is believed to contribute to migraine pain. Changes in brain chemicals, particularly serotonin, also play a part in triggering migraine attacks.
Understanding and managing your triggers is essential in controlling migraines. Some of the most common triggers include:
When you feel a migraine coming on, quick action can help alleviate the pain. As Ruby, one of our GPs at Spital Clinic, advises:
"The fact is, over-the-counter painkillers may provide temporary relief for mild migraines. However, for more severe or frequent migraines, it's important to consult a medical professional. They can prescribe specific medications, such as triptans, which target the underlying mechanisms of migraines, providing more effective relief."
Resting in a dark, quiet room, staying hydrated, and applying a cold compress to your head may also help during an attack.
Though there is no cure for migraines, many effective treatments are available. For mild to moderate migraines, over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or aspirin can provide relief. For more severe cases, prescription medications, such as triptans or anti-nausea medications, may be necessary.
Preventative treatments are available for people who experience frequent migraines. These might include beta-blockers, antidepressants, or newer treatments targeting specific brain pathways involved in migraine attacks. Lifestyle changes, such as improving sleep patterns and managing stress, can also reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.
Migraines are often undiagnosed and untreated. If you experience frequent, severe migraines that disrupt your daily life, you should consult a healthcare professional. Keeping a migraine diary to track your symptoms, triggers, and treatments can help your GP provide better advice and care. Seek immediate medical attention if your headache is accompanied by symptoms like sudden vision loss, difficulty speaking, or severe weakness, as these could be signs of a more serious condition.
1. What is the difference between a migraine and a headache? A migraine is a neurological disorder that causes severe throbbing pain, often on one side of the head, and is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. A standard headache generally causes mild to moderate discomfort without these additional symptoms.
2. Can lifestyle changes help manage migraines? Yes. Regular sleep, a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and stress management can all help reduce migraine frequency. Avoiding known triggers like certain foods or caffeine may also help.
3. When should I seek medical advice for my migraines? You should see your GP if your migraines are frequent, difficult to control, or disrupt your daily activities. It’s also essential to seek urgent help if your migraine changes in pattern or severity, or if unusual symptoms like sudden vision loss or severe weakness occur.
4. Can migraines be prevented? While migraines cannot be entirely prevented, certain medications and lifestyle changes can reduce their frequency and intensity. Keeping a diary to track symptoms and potential triggers is a helpful first step.
At Spital Clinic, we understand the profound impact migraines can have on your life. Our expert team offers comprehensive, personalised care to help manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. With a range of treatments tailored to your needs, we’re here to support you every step of the way. For further insights into migraine management, watch our YouTube video where we debunk common migraine myths and provide practical tips for preventing and treating this condition. If you're struggling with migraines, contact Spital Clinic today to book an appointment with our experienced GPs. Let us help you take control of your health and wellbeing.
The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is based on NHS recommendations. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider for advice on medical conditions or treatments.
Our medical centre is at 36 Spital Square, E1 6DY, City of London.
